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Renowned Sufi Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Attar is one of the pioneers of Sufi literature. He is one of the legendary figures of the golden age of Persian literature. Even today, this great man is admired by knowledge-seeking mystic thinkers all over the world.
There are many differences of opinion regarding the date of birth and death of Attar. Born almost a thousand years ago, this great man may not have gained popularity in that sense in his lifetime. Notably, he lived to be 100 years old (1145-1248 AD). Very little is known for sure about his life. His full name is mentioned as Farid-ud-Din Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Ibrahim. He is better known as 'Attar' which means 'fragrant'. According to reliable sources, one day Attar was sitting at the door of his shop with a friend. At that time a saint was passing by. He looked inside the store and sighed and sighed. Attar told her to leave, thinking that he might be trying to arouse his mercy. The saint said, "Of course, I have no obstacle to go back to your door and say goodbye to this world. I just have a torn covering. But I'm sorry for you, Attar! How can you leave so many mortal possessions and make your mind die? In response, Attar vowed to choose the contented life of a poor saint. The saint died there instantly saying 'we will meet'. As a result, Attar left his father's pharmacy to become a student of a famous scholar and was initiated into Sufi ideology.
Notable books written by Attar are: Mantikut Tayir, Tajkiratul Aulia, Ilahi Nama, Mukhtar Nama, Diwan-i Attar etc. These precious books of Attar have been translated into different languages. His most famous book is Mantikut Tayir, which has been translated and acclaimed in English as The Conference of the Birds. His only prose book was Tajkiratul Aulia which was translated into Bengali by Girish Chandra Sen. Girish Chandra, who translated the first complete Bengali version of the Holy Qur'an from Arabic into Bengali, became known in the Muslim community as Bhai Girish Chandra. It is well known that Girish Chandra, who was initiated into Brahmanism, translated these books under the guidance of his guru Keshab Chandra Sen. 'Tapasmala' has enriched Bengali literature as one of the most precious books written in the late nineteenth century during the development period of Bengali prose. It contains the biographies of 26 Tapas or Auliyas in the form of the original text with devotion. Sadly, the compilation and addition of some translated books of Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Attar's Tajkeratul Aulia in the market has surpassed the volume of the original book in an unusual way. However, the quotation of Abis Karni (Wech Karni) from Tapasmala is significant. "If you become unbelieving and worship in the same way as the worshipers of the saints in heaven and on earth, God will not accept it."
Attar's most famous book, The Conference of the Birds, is a mysterious one. Attar has drawn the eternal journey of the soul in the allegorical story of the meeting of the birds. Spiritual advice The birds in the conference give advice on how to reach the king of birds (Simurgh). Hoopoe (Jhuntiwala Hudhud) presided over the meeting. Different birds expressed their concern on the journey. Experienced Hoopoe are said to have designed the journey to alleviate their worries. Hoopoe describes the dangers of crossing the seven valleys. The seven valleys are: quest, love, understanding, independent and detachment, unity, astonishment and bewilderment, and deprivation and death, respectively. Attar's mantikut tayir is a precious resource in the spiritual world. The various valleys of the eternal journey in the story remind us of the soul and its destination. There is a hint of the fate of Husain Mansur in it.
Subsequent Sufi poets followed the path of Attar. In particular, Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi has praised Attar in his poems. It is said that Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Attar was killed by the Mongols near Nishapur in northwestern Persia. The legend is; someone wanted to buy Attar for one hundred gold coins when he was taken by road after being captured by the Mongols. But Attar advised not to sell himself at that price. When the Mongols obeyed him and went a little farther, another man came and offered to buy him for a bag of sack. This time Attar advised to sell himself. The Mongols became angry at this and killed him. The Mongols have been thrown into the dustbin of history but the glory of Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Attar is still alive. For ages he has been leading the way in the counsel meeting of birds (souls) in the human heart sky that illuminates us on the path to eternity.
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Author: Md. Ferdous Alom, a former student of International Relations, University of Dhaka. |
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